![]() Specifically, under the circumstance when no facemasks cleared by the U.S. Given the situation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a few strategies for optimizing the supply of facemasks. Facemasks and respirators are crucial for protecting healthcare personnel (HCP) and immune-compromised people from the virus ( Adhikari et al., 2020 Bowdle and Munoz-Price, 2020 Milton et al., 2013). Facemasks, however, do not have a tight seal between the face and the facemask, but wearing facemasks can reduce the spread of aerosols and droplets from the wearer. Respirators are devices designed to reduce the exposure to airborne contaminants, and therefore require a tight seal. It is especially the case for facemasks and respirators, as they can minimize the inhalation or spread of droplets and aerosols. Considering that these air filters may shed micrometer fibers during the cutting and folding processes, it is recommended that these filters should be inserted in multiple layers of fabrics when manufacturing facemasks or respirators.ĭue to the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, the global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) has surged and created a severe shortage across the world ( CDC, 2020). ![]() The results illustrate that multiple layers of household air filters are able to achieve similar filtration efficiencies compared to the N95 material without causing a significant increase in flow resistance. The flow resistance across these filter materials is measured as an indicator of the breathability of the materials. The experiments were conducted under different face velocities to study its influence on size-dependent filtration performances. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the overall and size-dependent filtration performances of non-medical materials. Moreover, there are a series of non-medical materials available on the market, such as household air filters, coffee filters, and different types of fabrics, which may be useful when facemasks and respirators are not available. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that “in settings where facemasks are not available, healthcare personnel might use homemade masks (e.g., bandana, scarf) for the care of patients with COVID-19 as a last resort.” Although aerosols and droplets can be removed through the fibers of fabrics through a series of filtration mechanisms, their filtration performances have not been evaluated in detail. Because the coronavirus can transmit through droplets and aerosols, facemasks and N95 respirators that require complex certification, are urgently needed. The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is causing a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) in different countries around the world.
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